One deficiency in this analogy is that it only works easily for capacitors that are grounded. A capacitor is a device that electrons can be forced into by a voltage. In this device, the charge travels uphill from lower to higher v opposite to normal conductor due to the emf force. In the impedance analogy, for instance, this results in force and velocity being analogous to voltage and current respectively. A helpful analogy for understanding divided feedback amplifier circuits is that of a mechanical lever, with relative motion of the levers ends representing change in input and output voltages, and the fulcrum pivot point representing the location of the ground point, real or virtual. The temperature, under thermal and electrical system analogy, is considered analogous to a voltage b current c capacitance d charge e none of the above ans. Aug 11, 2008 over the course of several chapters, force is used to explain electric field, which in turn is used to explain electric potential i. When we talk about potential the analogy becomes less useful since we rarely discuss gravitational potential. Voltage is represented in equations and schematics by the letter v. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. May 21, 2008 this usage of static head to represent pressure gave rise to the original hydraulic analogy for electric circuits. An equivalent water pump has to deliver constant pressure, regardless of the water flow. Specifying voltage between two points in a circuit to accurately specify the voltage present between two points, three items of information must be known. A voltage v is connected in series with these elements as shown in the circuit diagram.
Following the metaphor of water moving through a pipe, this continuous, uniform flow of charge through the circuit is called a current. Those are force voltage analogy and force current analogy. Voltage v or e voltage is electrical pressure or force. That gives energy to the electrons that is recovered when they are pushed back out by the voltage force. If we draw an analogy to a waterfall, the voltage would represent the height of the waterfall. In reality, if you pull too much current water, the voltage pressure drops now, if you attach long wires long pipes with an open switch a closed valve, the voltage pressure is constant over the entire length. Is this a proper analogy to understanding how current. Control engineering force voltage analogy slideshare. In the case of static electric fields, the voltage between two points is equal to the electrical potential. Voltage drop is the difference in voltage between the two ends of a conductor through which current is flowing. In electricalpneumatic system analogy the current is considered analogous to a velocity b pressure c air flow d air flow rate ans. Analogous electrical and mechanical systems swarthmore college. Arbab a department of physics, college of scienc e, qassim university, p.
Force voltage analogy watch more videos at lecture by. When the plunger pushes toward the diaphragm, the water in the pipe forces the diaphragm to stretch until the force of the diaphragm pushing back. Technically the voltage between any two points is defined as the amount of energy which is required to move a charge between two points. Pdf steinmetz analogy between magnetic and dielectric.
These video classes have been designed for electronics engineering students, especially those who are preparing for gate, ies and other psu exams. This intuitive analogy is worked out in detail on the right side of the table. On electrical analogues of mechanical systems and their using in. Find the analogous electrical system using the force voltage analogy. However, it is more common to see equivalent networks represented using the direct analogy, mostly to avoid mixing the two analogies when coupling it to an.
Similarly, there is torque voltage analogy for rotational mechanical systems. Force voltage analogy watch more videos at videotutorialsindex. In thermalelectrical analogy charge is considered analogous to a heat flow b reciprocal of heat flow c reciprocal of temperature d temperature e none of the above ans. The important relationship when converting from a circuit to the mechanical 2 analog is that between kirchoffs voltage law and dalemberts law with inertial forces included. The voltage drop across a conductor in an electrical system. As long as the battery continues to produce voltage and the continuity of the electrical path isnt broken, charge carriers will continue to flow in the circuit. The voltage in this case represents the number of jewels carried by each car. Current in an inductor is just like velocity of a massboth keep going in the absence of any voltage or force, respectively. Two points in the circuit between which the voltage is measured. The reference terminal from which the voltage is measured 3. In this video, i have explained example of force voltage analogy. Capacitor water pipe analogy i in the water pipe analogy, a capacitor is thought of as a water pipe. So, in fact, the increase in secondary voltage results in an increase in primary current.
There are two electrical analogies for mechanical systems, the force to voltage analogy and the force to current analogy 3, 5. Electrical analogies of mechanical systems tutorialspoint. James clerk maxwell introduced analogies of this sort in the 19th century. This can be seen by the analogies between energy in a capacitor and energy in a mass, and the analogy between electrical ground unchangeable voltage0 and mechanical ground immoveable position. While studying control theory, i came across the following two phrases. Intro to electricity nyu tandon school of engineering. Control system and engineering dhanalakshmi srinivasan.
Find the analogous electrical system using the forcevoltage analogy. Draw the equivalent electrical analogous circuit for the mechanical system in fig using forcevoltage analogy. Electromotive force and circuits no steady motion of charge in incomplete circuit. Electric potential is more commonly known as voltage and for uniform fields. I dont see how viewing voltage as a force makes it impossible to understand the energy in a capacitor is 12 cv the electrons are stuffed into the capacitor with a force similar to pushing a spring. In force voltage analogy, the mathematical equations of translational mechanical system are compared with mesh equations of the electrical system. The conveyor belt moves energy coal at an invariant speed from the coal mine to the power plant. Indicate the values of all components in the electrical system resistors, capacitors, inductors, etc. The water is there, waiting for you to turn on the faucet but. Force current and force voltag analogy cr4 discussion thread. This is one i use to explain the difference to my customers imagine your water faucet inteh front yard. Power p the work performed by an electrical current is called power. It will also be helpful for students in preparing them for their engineering syllabus. Dampers are analogous to resistorsthe damper resists motion just as a resistor resists current, and both.
I appreciate that the water analogy and others have helped some people. An analogy for divided feedback operational amplifiers. Variations of these analogies are used for rotating mechanical systems, such as in electric motors. Mathematical modelling of control system mechanical electrical. Modeling and simulation of the analogous mechanical and. Explain the steps you use to find your electrical system. Analogy between electric and uid circuits dan styer a simple circuit e r i i i i electric circuit water flow circuit pump rapid plateau lowlevel flatland electric current coulombssec.
And voltage is kind of like forcewhat pushes the current through a resistor. Consider the following translational mechanical system as shown in the following figure. For free materials of different engineering subjects use my android. Contributors introduction the voltage between two points is a short name for the electrical force that would drive an electric current between those points. Electrical quantity, mechanical analog i forcecurrent. At first, such analogies were used in reverse to help explain electrical phenomena in familiar mechanical terms. Mathematical modelling of control system mechanical. The acceleration produced on a mass by a given force is the same whether that force reacts against a small mass or against the earth. For free materials of different engineering subjects use my android application named engineering funda with following link. In the electrical domain, the effort variable is voltage and the flow variable is electrical current. The idea can be explained simply in terms of liftage. The proper mechanical analogy to use is force voltage, velocity current and lever transformer. In force voltage analogy, velocity is analogous to a current b charge c inductance d capacitance ans. Oct, 2017 in this video, i have explained example of force voltage analogy.
Each vault supplies one jewelcar corresponding to the unit for electrical potential. In this analogy, charge is represented by the water amount, voltage is represented by the waterpressure, and current is represented by the water flow. This all takes some time, but perhaps in the end is the best way for many to grasp it. Pdf on the full analogy between electromagnetism and gravity. Page 2 4 electrical principlescorrespondence version how a circuit works to illustrate how a circuit works, we will use a conveyor belt analogy. The flow variable in an energy domain is the variable analogous to velocity in the mechanical domain. Using analogies to explain electrical relationships. In liquid level and electrical system analogy, voltage is considered analogous. However, as electrical network analysis matured it was found that certain mechanical problems could more. The most natural analogy of a mechanical system is therefore the indirect analogy. Electricity and the waterfall analogy chemistry libretexts. In the analogy, resistance is represented by rough bumpy road.
In order to understand this type of analogy, let us consider a circuit which consists of series combination of resistor, inductor and capacitor. In an electric circuit there should be a device that acts like the water pump in a fountain source of emf. Restoring force electricity is a flow of electrons. When describing voltage, current, and resistance, a common analogy is a water tank. Mechanicalelectrical analogies are the representation of mechanical systems as electrical networks. Since we measure the velocity of the mass relative to the earth, and since any impressed force must in effect react against the earth, it is. Probably the first analogy that comes to mind between electrical and mechanical systems is that current is kind of like velocityboth are motion of some kind. In this paper we examine the physical justification for these analogies to. Electrons repel each other, so if they are compressed into a certain place there is a force that pushes back. Forcecurrent analogy now that we have discussed mechanical system as well as electrical system. In this analogy, the mathematical equations of rotational mechanical system are compared with mesh equations of the electrical system rotational mechanical system is shown in the following figure. There are two types of electrical analogies of translational mechanical systems. In a device without internal resistance, if an electric charge q passes through that device, and gains an energy w, the net emf for that device is the energy gained per unit charge, or w q.
On the full analogy between electromagnetism and gravit y a. In force voltage analogy, the mathematical equations of translational. Nothing is coming out of the hose you have screwed onto the faucet. In the impedance analogy, instead of force, torque is made analogous to voltage.